„UT.6.01” változatai közötti eltérés
Nincs szerkesztési összefoglaló |
Nincs szerkesztési összefoglaló |
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| 212. sor: | 212. sor: | ||
=== Bevezetés a számítógépekhez === | === Bevezetés a számítógépekhez === | ||
==== Neumann ==== | ==== Neumann architecture ==== | ||
Számítógép = proceszor + RAM + ROM + IO.<br /> | Számítógép = proceszor + RAM + ROM + IO.<br /> | ||
Neumann architecture, | Neumann architecture, | ||
"A port is a physical connection between the computer and its outside world. Ports allow information to enter and exit the system."<br /> | "A port is a physical connection between the computer and its outside world. Ports allow information to enter and exit the system."<br /> | ||
"A bus is a collection of wires used to pass information between modules."<br /> | "A bus is a collection of wires used to pass information between modules."<br /> | ||
==== Harvard architecture ==== | |||
ARM®Cortex™-M processor. | |||
"separate data and instruction buses" | |||
Külön adat, és utasítás buszok. | |||
"The nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC) manages interrupts, which are hardware-triggered software functions. " | |||
A beágyazott irányítható megszakítás-vezérlő - NVIC | |||
"'''Static RAM (SRAM)''': using six metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS or MOSFET) to create each memory bit. Four transistors are used to create two cross-coupled inverters that store the binary information, and the other two are used to read and write the bit." | "'''Static RAM (SRAM)''': using six metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS or MOSFET) to create each memory bit. Four transistors are used to create two cross-coupled inverters that store the binary information, and the other two are used to read and write the bit." | ||
RAM random access memory | RAM random access memory | ||
| 250. sor: | 261. sor: | ||
Flash ROM is higher density because it requires few transistors compared to RAM. | Flash ROM is higher density because it requires few transistors compared to RAM. | ||
== IO portok == | == IO portok == | ||
A lap 2014. január 25., 12:46-kori változata
C1 Bevezetés
Folyamatosan gyűjtöm az anyagokat és fordítom, ahogy lehet
C2 Alap fogalmak
Bináris számok és rendszerek
Hexadecimális számok
|
Hex Digit |
Decimal Value |
Binary Value |
|
0 |
0 |
0000 |
|
1 |
1 |
0001 |
|
2 |
2 |
0010 |
|
3 |
3 |
0011 |
|
4 |
4 |
0100 |
|
5 |
5 |
0101 |
|
6 |
6 |
0110 |
|
7 |
7 |
0111 |
|
8 |
8 |
1000 |
|
9 |
9 |
1001 |
|
A or a |
10 |
1010 |
|
B or b |
11 |
1011 |
|
C or c |
12 |
1100 |
|
D or d |
13 |
1101 |
|
E or e |
14 |
1110 |
|
F or f |
15 |
1111 |
Beágyazott rendszerek
Processzor típusok: x86 (ált. asztali gép), ARM.
"Az I/O az a ragasztó, amivel a processzor kapcsolódik a világhoz."
Tervezési szempontok: tesztelhetőség, haszon, energia igény, méret, megfelelő válasz megfelelő időben.
Human-computer interface (HCI) or man-machine interface (MMI).
Tipikus példa: multiméter.
Bevezetés a számítógépekhez
Neumann architecture
Számítógép = proceszor + RAM + ROM + IO.
Neumann architecture,
"A port is a physical connection between the computer and its outside world. Ports allow information to enter and exit the system."
"A bus is a collection of wires used to pass information between modules."
Harvard architecture
ARM®Cortex™-M processor. "separate data and instruction buses"
Külön adat, és utasítás buszok.
"The nested vectored interrupt controller (NVIC) manages interrupts, which are hardware-triggered software functions. "
A beágyazott irányítható megszakítás-vezérlő - NVIC
"Static RAM (SRAM): using six metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS or MOSFET) to create each memory bit. Four transistors are used to create two cross-coupled inverters that store the binary information, and the other two are used to read and write the bit." RAM random access memory
ROM-ok: ROM (read only memory)
Static RAM (SRAM)
Programmable ROM (PROM) 10000 times slower RAM
Electrically erasable programmable PROM (EEPROM)
In regular EEPROM, you can erase and program individual bytes. "Flash ROM is a popular type of EEPROM. Each flash bit requires only two MOSFET transistors. The input (gate) of one transistor is electrically isolated, so if we trap charge on this input, it will remain there for years."
FLASH ROM
Each flash bit requires only two MOSFET transistors The input (gate) of one transistor is electrically isolated, so if we trap charge on this input, it will remain there for years. The other transistor is used to read the bit by sensing whether or not the other transistor has trapped charge.
Flash ROM must be erased in large blocks. On many of Stellaris family of microcontrollers, we can erase the entire ROM or just a 1024-byte block.
Because flash is smaller than regular EEPROM, most microcontrollers have a large flash into which we store the software. For all the systems in this class, we will store instructions and constants in flash ROM and place variables and temporary data in static RAM.
A microprocessor is a small processor.
A microcomputer is a small computer that includes a processor, memory and I/O devices.
A microcontroller is a single chip computer.
Flash ROM is higher density because it requires few transistors compared to RAM.
IO portok
CPU regiszterek
ISA
Instruction set architecture
MEMORY MAP LAYOUT
Szoftware
CortexM_InstructionSet.pdf Instruction Set Reference Manual https://courses.edx.org/c4x/UTAustinX/UT.6.01x/asset/CortexM_InstructionSet.pdf
CortexM4_TRM_r0p1.pdf Cortex-M4 Technical Reference Manual https://courses.edx.org/c4x/UTAustinX/UT.6.01x/asset/CortexM_InstructionSet.pdf
LaunchPadUsersManual.pdf LaunchPad Manual
tm4c123gh6pm.pdf Data Sheet for the TM4C123 microcontroller
C3.2
elemekre E = V * I * time
E-> állandó ; V -> állandó, az idő vagy az I csökkentésével csökkenthetjük a felhasznált energiát
P = V * I Power = Voltage * Current
P = V2 / R Power = Voltage2 / Resistance P = I2 * R Power = Current2 * Resistance